Abantu benshi bahura n’ibibazo by’amafaranga, ariko akenshi impamvu si uko binjiza make gusa, ahubwo ni amakosa bakora mu micungire y’imari yabo. N’iyo ayo makosa yaba mato, iyo akorwa buri munsi agenda yiyongera bigahungabanya ubukungu bw’umuntu. Dore amakosa 10 akomeye ugomba kwitondera no kwirinda.
1. Gukoresha amafaranga mu bintu bidakenewe
Kunywa ikawa ihenze buri munsi, kurya hanze kenshi, kwishyura film cyangwa serivisi udakeneye. Ibi byose bisa n’ibidafite icyo bitwaye, ariko iyo ubiteranyije mu mwaka, usanga byatwara amafaranga menshi. Icy’ingenzi ni kumenya gutandukanya igikenewe n’ikadakenewe, no kubigena muri budget.
2. Amafaranga asohoka buri kwezi atari gombwa (Recurring expenses)
Serivisi nka streaming, gym ihenze, cyangwa abiyandikishije ku byishyurwa buri kwezi bashobora kugutesha amafaranga menshi. Ibyiza ni kwibaza uti: ese ndabikeneye koko? Kugabanya ibi bishobora kugufasha kuzigama.
3. Kwishingikiriza cyane ku makarita ya banki (Credit cards)
Gukoresha credit card mu bintu bidakenewe bituma winjira mu madeni y’inyungu nyinshi. Inyungu zayo zishobora kugera hejuru ya 20%, bigatuma igiciro cy’ikintu cyiyongera cyane. Credit card ikwiye gukoreshwa gusa iyo ushobora kwishyura yose mbere y’uko inyungu ziyongeraho.
4. Kugura imodoka irenze ubushobozi bwawe
Kuba ushobora kwishyura amafaranga ya buri kwezi y’inguzanyo si byo bivuze ko ushoboye kugura imodoka. Imodoka igura amafaranga menshi yo kuyigura, kuyishinganisha, kuyisana no kuyishyura lisansi. Kugura imodoka irenze ibyo ukeneye ni ugutwika amafaranga yawe.
5. Gukoresha menshi ku nzu
Inzu nini si yo iguha ubukire. Inzu ihenze izana imisoro myinshi, amafaranga yo kuyisana, amazi n’amashanyarazi menshi. Ni ngombwa gutekereza ku mafaranga yose azajyana n’inzu, si inguzanyo gusa.
6. Gukoresha nabi agaciro k’inzu yawe (Home equity)
Gufata amafaranga ku gaciro k’inzu yawe binyuze muri refinancing bishobora kukugusha mu madeni mashya. Nubwo hari igihe bishobora kugufasha, kuyikoresha nk’ikarita ya banki ni amakosa ashobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye mu gihe kirekire.
7. Kutagira ayo uzigama
Abantu benshi baba babayeho bategereje umushahara ku wundi. Ibi bituma igihe habayeho ihungabana rito nk’akazi gahagaze, biba ikibazo gikomeye. Abajyanama mu by’imari bagira inama yo kugira nibura amezi atatu y’amafaranga yo kwifashisha mu byihutirwa.
8. Kudashora mu kigega cy’izabukuru (Retirement)
Iyo utashoye amafaranga yawe mu ishoramari cyangwa mu kigega cy’izabukuru, uba wiyima amahirwe yo kuzagira ubuzima bwiza ejo hazaza. Gutangira hakiri kare, n’iyo byaba bike, bituma amafaranga akura bitewe n’igihe.
9. Gukoresha amafaranga y’izabukuru wishyura amadeni
Gufata amafaranga wateganyirije izabukuru ngo wishyure amadeni bisa n’igitekerezo cyiza, ariko akenshi ni amakosa. Uretse gutakaza inyungu z’igihe kirekire, ushobora no gucibwa amande. Ikibazo gikomeye kurushaho ni uko akenshi ayo mafaranga adasubizwa.
10. Kutagira gahunda y’imari (Financial plan)
Kubaho udafite gahunda y’imari ni nko gutembera utazi aho ujya. Gahunda y’imari igufasha kumenya aho uherereye, aho ujya, n’uko uzagerayo. Igena budget, kuzigama, gushora no kwitegura ejo hazaza.
Nubwo hari ibintu bimwe tutabasha kugenzura mu buzima, gucunga neza amafaranga yawe ni icyemezo ufata uyu munsi. Suzuma aho amafaranga yawe ajya, kora budget ishoboka, kandi wigire ku makosa. Niba wananiwe, ntucike integer, gerageza nanone. Kuzigama n’iyo byaba bike ni intambwe igana ku mutekano w’imari.